Pterygium Surgery

Pterygium surgery removes abnormal tissue growth from the surface of the eye and replaces it with healthy tissue to reduce the chance of recurrence. This procedure is recommended when a pterygium causes persistent symptoms or threatens vision.

Understanding Pterygium

A pterygium is a wing-shaped growth of fleshy tissue that extends from the conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the white of the eye) onto the cornea. While not cancerous, a pterygium can cause significant discomfort and visual problems if left untreated.

Pterygia are strongly associated with sun exposure and are common in tropical and subtropical climates, including Singapore. They are sometimes called "surfer's eye" due to their association with outdoor activities.

Problems caused by pterygium include:

• Chronic redness and irritation

• Foreign body sensation

• Dryness due to uneven tear distribution

• Astigmatism as the growth distorts the cornea

• Visual obstruction if it grows across the pupil

When Surgery Is Recommended

Surgery may be advised when:

• The pterygium causes persistent discomfort despite lubricating drops

• Growth is progressing toward the central cornea

• Vision is affected by induced astigmatism

• The pterygium is cosmetically bothersome

• It interferes with contact lens wear

The American Academy of Ophthalmology provides information about pterygium and its management.

The Surgical Procedure

Modern pterygium surgery involves removing the abnormal tissue and transplanting healthy tissue to cover the area:

Pterygium Excision with Conjunctival Autograft:

• The pterygium is carefully dissected from the cornea and sclera

• A thin piece of healthy conjunctiva is taken from under the upper eyelid

• This graft is secured over the bare area using tissue glue or fine sutures

• The procedure takes approximately 30-45 minutes

• Performed under local anaesthesia as a day procedure

This technique has significantly reduced recurrence rates compared to older methods that simply removed the pterygium without grafting.

What Results Can Be Expected

With conjunctival autograft technique:

• Recurrence rates are typically 5-10% compared to up to 50% with simple excision

• Most patients experience significant symptom relief

• Redness and irritation usually improve substantially

• Vision often improves as corneal distortion resolves

• The eye typically appears much whiter once healed

Full healing takes several weeks, and the final appearance improves over 2-3 months.

Potential Risks

• Recurrence remains possible despite grafting, particularly in younger patients

• Graft displacement in the early healing period

• Scarring of the cornea where the pterygium was attached

• Infection is uncommon but requires prompt treatment

• Persistent redness during the healing phase

• Granuloma formation at the surgical site

• Diplopia (double vision) is rare and usually temporary

Long-term prevention: Wearing UV-protective sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat outdoors is essential to reduce the risk of recurrence and protect your other eye.

Medical Disclaimer: This information provides general guidance about pterygium surgery and should not replace professional medical advice. Individual outcomes depend on the size and extent of the pterygium, as well as healing response. Recurrence is possible despite modern surgical techniques. Please consult with our ophthalmologists for assessment and recommendations specific to your situation.